Heart problems
In rare cases, certain antibiotics can cause heart problems such as an irregular heartbeat or low blood pressure.
The antibiotics most often linked with these side effects are erythromycin and some fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. The antifungal terbinafine can also cause this problem.
Blood reactions
Some antibiotics can cause changes to your blood.
For example, leukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. It can lead to increased infections.
Another change is thrombocytopenia, which is a low level of platelets. This effect can cause bleeding, bruising, and slowed blood clotting.
Beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole cause these side effects more often.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious disorder of your skin and mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are the moist linings of certain parts of your body, such as your nose, mouth, throat, and lungs.
SJS is a reaction that can happen with any medication, including antibiotics. It occurs more often with antibiotics such as beta-lactams and sulfamethoxazole.
Typically, SJS begins with flu-like symptoms, such as a fever or sore throat. These symptoms may be followed by a painful rash that spreads and blisters. Following that, the top layer of your skin can shed. Other symptoms can include:
- hives
- skin pain
- fever
- cough
- swelling of your face or tongue
- pain in your mouth and throat
Stomach upset
Many antibiotics cause stomach upset or other gastrointestinal side effects. These can include:
- nausea
- vomiting
- cramps
- diarrhea
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